Red Mud (digested bauxite residue) is the industrial waste generated by aluminium refineries using the Bayer process to transform bauxite ore into alumina. The red colour is due to the presence of iron oxides (along with other oxides). For every tonne of Alumina produced, approximately 1-1.5 tonnes of Red Mud is obtained. The high production volumes and high alkalinity of this waste pose a significant environmental, safety and storage problem. Initially the red mud was sent to lagoons which, over the years, have proved to be a danger to the surrounding areas (possible flooding and destruction).
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